- Where one of several beneficiaries
- joins in committing breach of trust, or
- knowingly obtains any advantage therefrom, without the consent of the other beneficiaries, or
- becomes aware of a breach of trust committed or intended to be committed, and either actually conceals it, or does not within a reasonable time take proper steps to protect the interests of the other beneficiaries, or
- has deceived the trustee and thereby induced him to commit a breach of trust,